Comparison Between IPC 1860 and BNS 2023

Comparison Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023 and Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860: Key Differences and Implications

A comparative analysis of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023 and the Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860 highlights a notable evolution in India’s legal framework. The BNS 2023 introduces extensive reforms designed to revitalize the antiquated elements of the IPC 1860. By incorporating new definitions, revised penalties, and enhanced legal principles, the BNS 2023 seeks to tackle modern challenges with greater efficacy.

This comparison of IPC v. BNS highlights the advancements made to align the legal system with current societal values and technological advancements. As India transitions from IPC to BNS, it lays the groundwork for a more just, inclusive, and responsive legal framework, ensuring a better administration of justice for its citizens.

Comparison: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, (BNS) 2023 vs. Indian Penal Code, (IPC) 1860

BNS SECTIONS IPC SECTIONS SUBJECT  COMPARISON
1(1) Short title, commencement, and application In IPC, the extent of code operation is also given, which is absent in BNS.
1(2) New Commencement BNS delegates commencement date appointments to the Central Government, which IPC does not.
1(3) 2 Punishment of offences committed within India No change except “Code” is replaced with “Sanhita”.
1(4) 3 Punishment of offences committed beyond, which may by law be tried within India Included as a subsection in BNS. “Indian laws” is replaced with “law,” and ‘for the time being in force’ is inserted.
1(5) 4 Extension of Code to extra-territorial offences Included as a subsection in BNS

In the illustration, “Uganda” is replaced with “any place outside India.”

1(6) 5 Certain laws not to be affected by this Act Included as sub-section.
2 Definitions Consolidated into a single section in BNS, while IPC spreads them across multiple sections ranging from Section 8 to Section 52A (Chapter II – General explanation)
2(1) 33 Act Unlike IPC, “Act” is defined separately from “Omission” in BNS.
2(2) 47 Animal No change
2(3) New Child Added definition for ‘child’ as a person below eighteen years.
2(4) 28 Counterfeit No change
2(5) 20 Court Simplified to “Court” from “Court of Justice”.
2(6) 46 Death No change
2(7) 24 Dishonestly Simplified wording and excluded “whoever does” and “is said to do that thing dishonestly.”
2(8) 29 & 29A Document Included words “electronic and digital records”
2(9) 25 Fraudulently Change in phraseology but essence remains the same
2(10) 8 Gender Added transgender
2(11) 52 Good Faith No change
2(12) 17 Government Simplified wordings by referring to “State Government” instead of “Government of State”
2(13) 52A Harbour Excluded Words “Except in section 157 and in section 130, in the case in which the harbour is given by the wife or husband of the person, harboured, the word”
2(14) 44 Injury Excluded “the word” and replaced “denotes” by “means”
2 (15) 43 Illegal and legally bound to do No change
2(16) 19 Judge Simplified definitions with numbered paragraphs (i) and (ii) and kept only illustration (b).
2(17) 45 Life Excluded “the word” and replaced “denotes” by “means”
2(18) 42 Local law No change
2(19) 10 Man Bifurcations between man and woman into two subsections
2(20) 49 Month and year Replaced by “Gregorian calendar”.
2(21) 22 Movable property Scope expanded by excluding the word “corporeal”
2(22) 9 Number No change
2(23) 51 Oath Simplified to “Court” from “Court of Justice”.
2(24) 40 Offence The word “denotes” is replaced by “means”.
2(25) 33 Omission The words “act” and “omission” are divided into two subsections
2(26) 11 Person No Change
2(27) 12 Public No Change
2(28) 21 Public Servant “Military, Naval” replaced by “Army, and Navy”

The term “Juryman” is excluded

2(29) 26 Reason to believe No change
2(30) 41 Special Law No change except the word ‘is’ is replaced by ‘means’
2(31) 30 Valuable Security No change except the word “denotes” is replaced by “means”.
2(32) 48 Vessel No change except the word “denotes” is replaced by “means”.
2(33) 39 Voluntarily No Change
2(34) 31 Will No Change except “A will” is replaced by “Will”
2(35) 10 Woman Division of section 10 of IPC in two subsections.
2(36) 23

Clause-1

Wrongful Gain No change except the word ‘is’ is replaced by ‘means’
2(37) 23

Clause – 2

Wrongful loss No change
2(38) 23

Clause – 3

Gaining wrongfully, losing wrongfully No Change
2(39) 29A Words and Expressions used but not defined The scope is broadened as the words not defined in BNS but defined in BNSS and IT Act shall have the same meaning in this act.
3(1) 6 General Explanations No change
3(2) 7 General explanations- Sense of expression once explained. No Change
3(3) 27 General explanations- Property in possession of wife, clerk, or servant. “Wife” is replaced with “spouse”
3(4) 32 General Explanations -“Words referring to acts include illegal omissions”. No Change
3(5) 34 General explanations- Acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention. No Change
3(6) 35 General explanations- When such an act is criminal by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or intention. No Change
3(7) 36 General explanations- Effect caused partly by act and partly by omission. No Change
3(8) 37 General explanations- Co-operation by doing one of several acts constituting an offence. No Change
3(9) 38 General explanations- Persons concerned in Criminal act may be guilty of different offences. No Change
4 53 Punishments Added “Community Service” as punishment and its definition in the explanation of section 23
5 54 & 55 Commutation of sentence. Unlike IPC, A reference has been made to BNSS
Explanation to Section 5 55A Commutation of sentence. The expression “for the purpose of this” is added
6 57 Fractions of terms of punishment Words “unless otherwise provided” are added
7 60 Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or simple No Change
8(1) 63 Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etc Addition of words “liability in default of payment of fine, etc.” in the heading
8(2) 64 sentence of imprisonment for non-payment of fine No Change
8(3) 65 Limit to imprisonment for non-payment of fine, when imprisonment and fine awardable No Change
8(4) 66 Description of imprisonment for non-payment of fine. Addition of “or in default of community service”.
8(5) 67 Imprisonment for non-payment of fine, when offence punishable with fine only. Words “or in default of community service” are added.

Maximum imprisonment shall not exceed 2 months when the amount of fine is upto Rs.5000,

Maximum imprisonment shall not exceed 4 months when the amount of fine is upto Rs. 10,000, and maximum imprisonment shall not exceed one year in any other case.

8(6) 68 & 69 Imprisonment to terminate on payment of fine. Termination of imprisonment on payment of proportional part of fine. The two sections are merged
8(7) 70 Fine leviable within six years, or during imprisonment. Death not to discharge property from liability No change
9 71 Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences. No change
10 72 Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, the judgment stating that it is doubtful of which No change
11 73 Solitary Confinement Inserted ‘namely’ and removed ‘that is to say’
12 74 Limits of solitary confinement No Change
13 75 Enhanced punishment for certain offences after previous conviction. No Change
14 76 Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law. No Change
15 77 Act of Judge when acting judicially. No Change
16 78 Act done pursuant to the judgment or order of Court. No change except Words ‘Court of Justice’ is replaced by “Court”.
17 79 Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law. No Change
18 80 Accident in doing a lawful act. No Change
19 81 Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm. No Change

The word “Steam” is excluded in the illustration

20 82 Act of a child under seven years of age. No Change
21 83 Act of a child above seven and under twelve of immature understanding. No Change
22 84 Act of a person of unsound mind. No Change
23 85 Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will No Change
24 86 Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated No Change
25 87 Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent. No Change
26 88 Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person’s benefit. No Change
27 89 Act done in good faith for benefit of child or person, by or by consent of guardian. The “insane person” is replaced with the words “the person with unsound mind”
28 90 Consent known to be given under fear or misconception. No Change
29 91 Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused No Change
30 92 Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent. No Change
31 93 Communication made in good faith. No Change
32 94 Act to which a person is compelled by threats. No Change
33 95 Act causing slight harm No Change
34 96 Things done in private defence. No Change
35 97 Right of private defence of body and of property. Paragraphs are rephrased into clauses (a) and (b)
36 98 Right of private defence against the act of a person of unsound mind, etc. In the illustrations, the words “under the influence of madness” have been replaced by “a person of unsound mind”.
37 99 Act against which there is no right to private defence Extent to which the right may be exercised. The first paragraph of section 99 has been reframed as sub-section (1), with clauses (a) (b), and the second paragraph has been reproduced as sub-section (2)
38 100 When the right of private defence of property extends to causing death. First, secondly, thirdly, fourthly, fifthly, sixthly, seventhly are replaced with (a),(b),(c),(d),(e),(f),(g).
39 101 When such right extends to causing any harm other than death. No change
40 102 Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of the body No Change
41 103 When the right of private defence of property extends to causing death. Words:>“By Night” – “after sunset and before sunrise”
“Mischief by fire” – “Mischief by fire or any explosive substance”
42 104 When such right extends to causing any harm other than death No Change
43 105 Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of property. Words “by night” are replaced by “after sunset and before sunrise”.
44 106 Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person. No Change
45 107 Abetment of a thing. The word “Court” is used in instead of “Court of justice”
46 108 Abettor. Words “a person of unsound mind” is used instead of “lunatic”
47 108A Abetment in India of offences outside India In Illustration the word “Goa” is replaced by “Country X”
48 NEW Abetment outside India for offence in India. “A person abets an offence within the meaning of this Sanhita who, without and beyond India, abets the commission of any act in India which would constitute an offence if committed in India”
49 109 Punishment of abetment if act abetted is committed in consequence and where no express provision is made for its punishment No Change
50 110 Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention from that of abettor. No Change
51 111 Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done No change.
52 112 Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done Instead of “the last preceding section,” section 51 is used.
53 113 Liability of abettor for an effect caused by the act abetted different from that intended by the abettor No Change
54 114 Abettor present when offence committed. No change
55 115 Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life. No Change
56 116 Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment. The words “if offence be not committed” are excluded from the heading.

The heading of paragraph 2, if abettor or person abetted be a public servant whose duty it is to prevent offence is also excluded

Instead of the word “by,” “under” is used

57 117 Abetting commission of offence by the public or by more than ten persons. Imprisonment for Abetting commission of offence by the public or by more than ten persons.is increased from 3 to 7 years
58 118 Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life. In clause (b), the words “in either case” are excluded
59 119 Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to prevent No Change
60 120 Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment. No change
61(1) 120A Criminal conspiracy definition No change
61(2) 120B Criminal conspiracy punishment. No change
62 511 Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonment No change
63 375 Rape definition. The age of consent in exception 2 which states that “sexual intercourse or acts by a man with his wife, the wife not being under 18 years of age, is not rape” is increased from 15 years to 18 years.
64 376(1) & 376(2) Punishment for rape. No change, except the word “military” is replaced with “army”
65(1) 376(3) Punishment for rape in certain cases – rape on a woman under sixteen years. No change
65(2) 376AB Punishment for rape in certain cases – rape on a woman under twelve year No Change
66 376A Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state of victim. No Change
67 376B Sexual intercourse by husband upon his wife during separation No Change
68 376C Sexual intercourse by a person in authority No Change
69  NEW Sexual intercourse by employing deceitful means etc “Whoever, by deceitful means or by making promise to marry to a woman without any intention of fulfilling the same, has sexual intercourse with her, such sexual intercourse not amounting to the offence of rape, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years and shall also be liable to fine. Explanation. — “deceitful means” shall include inducement for, or false promise of employment or promotion, or marrying by suppressing identity.”
70(1) 376D Gang Rape No Change
70(2) 376DB Gang rape on women under the age of eighteen The age of the victim is increased from 12 years to 18 years.
71 376E Punishment for repeat offenders No Change
72 228A(1)/(2) Disclosure of identity of victim of certain offences etc The Word ‘minor’ is replaced by ‘child’
73 228A (3) Printing or publishing any matter relating to court proceedings without permission. No change
74 354 Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty No change
75 354A Sexual Harassment No change
76 354B Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent disrobe “Whoever” is replaced by “Any man who”
77 354C Voyeurism No change
78 354D Stalking No change
79 509 Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman No change
80 304B Dowry death No change
81 493 Cohabitation caused by man deceitfully inducing belief of lawful marriage No change
82(1) 494 Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife No change
82(2) 495 Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife with concealment of former marriage from person with whom subsequent marriage is contracted Words “defined in last preceding section” are excluded.
83 496 Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage No Change
84 498 Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married Woman Excluded words are “from that man or from any person having the care of her on behalf of that man”
85 498A Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty. No change
86 498A Explanation Cruelty defined No change
87 366 Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder or for ransom, etc. No change
88 312 Causing miscarriage. No change
89 313 Causing miscarriage without woman’s consent. The words “defined in last preceding section” have been replaced by “previous section number mentioned in BNS”
90 314 Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage. In place of “if act done without woman’s consent” the words “Where the act referred to in sub-section (1)” are added
91 315 Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause it to die after birth. No Change
92 316 Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide No Change
93 317 Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years, by parent or person having care of it No Change
94 318 Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body. No Change
95 NEW Hiring, employing or engaging a child to commit an offence. “Whoever hires, employs or engages any child to commit an offence shall be punished with imprisonment of either description which shall not be less than three years but which may extend to ten years, and with fine; and if the offence be committed shall also be punished with the punishment provided for that offence as if the offence has been committed by such person himself. Explanation. —Hiring, employing, engaging or using a child for sexual exploitation or pornography is covered within the meaning of this section”.
96 366A Procuration of child. The words “minor girl under the age of eighteen years are excluded and replaced by the word “minor” and, therefore, made gender neutral.
97. 369 Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years with intent to steal from its person No change
98 372 Selling minor for purposes of prostitution, etc Instead of the word “minor” the word “child” is used in the heading.

In place of “any person under the age of eighteen years” the word ‘’child is used.

99 373 Buying minor for purposes of prostitution, etc. Minimum imprisonment is 7 years, and the maximum imprisonment is 14 years.

Words “any person under the age of eighteen years” are replaced by the word “child’

100 299 Culpable homicide No Change
101 300 Murder In place of Secondly, thirdly, and fourthly, clauses (a), (b), (c), and (d) is used.

The word “it” is replaced by the words “the act by which death is caused”.

102 301 Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intended No Change
103(1) 302 Punishment for murder. No change
103(2) NEW Punishment for murder It states that “When a group of five or more persons acting in concert commits murder on the ground of race, caste or community, sex, place of birth, language, personal belief or any other similar ground each member of such group shall be punished with death or with imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine”.
104 303 Punishment for murder by life convict. The punishment for the life-convict murderer is death or imprisonment for life, which shall mean the remainder of that person’s natural life.
105 304 Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder Minimum imprisonment is 5 years, and a fine is mandatory.
106 (1) 304A Causing death by negligence. Imprisonment increased from 2 to 5 years, and offences by registered medical practitioners and its explanation were added.
106 (2) NEW Causing death by negligence It has not come into force
107 305 Abetment of suicide of child or person of unsound mind. Changes in wording, but the essence is the same.
108 306 Abetment of suicide No Change
109 307 Attempt to murder. Unlike IPC, section 109(2) provides for alternative punishment of death sentence or with imprisonment of life
110 308 Attempt to commit culpable homicide No Change
111 NEW Organized Crime “Any continuing unlawful activity including kidnapping, robbery, vehicle theft, extortion, land grabbing, contract killing, economic offence, cybercrimes, trafficking of persons, drugs, weapons or illicit goods or services, human trafficking for prostitution or ransom, by any person or a group of persons acting in concert, singly or jointly, either as a member of an organised crime syndicate or on behalf of such syndicate, by use of violence, threat of violence, intimidation, coercion, or by any other unlawful means to obtain direct or indirect material benefit including a financial benefit, shall constitute organised crime”
112 NEW Petty Organized Crime “Whoever, being a member of a group or gang, either singly or jointly, commits any act of theft, snatching, cheating, unauthorised selling of tickets, unauthorised betting or gambling, selling of public examination question papers or any other similar criminal act, is said to commit petty organised crime”.
113 NEW Terrorist Act Newly Added Section
114 319 Hurt No Change
115(1) 321 Voluntarily causing hurt. No Change
115(2) 323 Punishment for voluntarily causing hurt Fine is increased upto 10,000
116 320 Grievous hurt definition. Suffering period for grievous hurt is reduced from 20 days to 15 days
117(1) 322 Voluntarily causing grievous hurt punishment. No Change
117(2) 325 Punishment for voluntarily causing grievous hurt Changes are made but essence remain in same
117(3) NEW Voluntarily causing grievous hurt. “Whoever commits an offence under sub-section (1) and in the course of such commission causes any hurt to a person which causes that person to be in permanent disability or in persistent vegetative state, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than ten years but which may extend to imprisonment for life, which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person’s natural life”.
NEW Voluntarily causing grievous hurt. “When a group of five or more persons acting in concert, causes grievous hurt to a person on the ground of his race, caste or community, sex, place of birth, language, personal belief or any other similar ground, each member of such group shall be guilty of the offence of causing grievous hurt, and shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine”
324 Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means. The fine is increased to Rs. 20,000
326 Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means Mandatory minimum imprisonment for 1 year is added.
327 Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act. No change
329 Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act. The words “any purpose referred to in sub-section (1)” is added.
330 Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort confession or to compel restoration of property. No Change
331 Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property. The words “any purpose referred to in sub-section (1)” is added.
332 Voluntarily causing hurt to deter public servant from his duty Imprisonment is increased from 3 to 5 years
121(2) 333 Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty. Mandatory minimum imprisonment of 1 year is added.
122(1) 334 Voluntarily causing provocation hurt on Fine is increased from Rs. 500 to Rs. 5000
122(2) 335 Voluntarily causing grievous hurt on provocation. Imprisonment is increased from 4 to 5 years and fine is increased from Rs. 2000 to Rs. 10,000
123 328 Causing harm by means of poison, etc., with intent to commit an offence. No Change
124(1) 326A Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid etc. The words “causes a person to be in a permanent vegetative state” are added
124(2) 326B Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by throwing or attempting to throw acid Words “permanent vegetative state” are added
125 336 Act endangering life or personal safety of others Fine is increased from

Rs. 250 to Rs. 2500

125(a) 337 Where hurt is caused. Fine is increased from Rs. 500 to Rs. 5000
125(b) 338 Where grievous hurt is caused Imprisonment is increased from 2 to 3 years and fine is increased from
126(1) 339 Wrongful restraint. No Change
126(2) 341 Punishment for Wrongful Restraint. Fine is increased from

Rs. 500 to Rs. 5000

127(1) 340 Wrongful confinement No Change
127(2) 342 Punishment for Wrongful confinement Fine is increased from Rs. 1000 to Rs. 5000
127(3) 343 Wrongful confinement for three or more days. Imprisonment is increased from 2 to 3 years, and the fine is extended up to Rs. 10,000
127(4) 344 Wrongful confinement for ten or more days. Imprisonment is increased from 3 to 5 years, and a minimum fine of Rs. 10,000 is introduced
127(5) 345 Wrongful confinement of person for whose liberation writ has been issued. No Change
127(6) 346 Wrongful confinement in secret. Imprisonment is increased from 2 to 3 years and fine is added
127(7) 347 Wrongful confinement to extort property, or constrain to illegal act. No Change
127(8) 348 Wrongful confinement to extort confession, or compel restoration of property No change
128 349 Force In place of Firstly, secondly, thirdly, clause (a), (b), (c)
129 350 Criminal force No Change
130 351 Assault No change
131 352 Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation Fine is increased from Rs. 500 to Rs. 1000
132 353 Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duty No Change
133 355 Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonour person, otherwise than on grave provocation No Change
134 356 Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person. No Change
135 357 Assault or criminal force in attempt to wrongfully confine a person Fine is increased from Rs. 1000 to Rs. 5000
136 358 Assault or criminal force on grave provocation. Fine is increased from Rs. 200 to Rs. 1000
137(1) 359 Kidnapping. No Change
137(1)(a) 360 Kidnapping from India. No Change
137(1)(b) 361 Kidnapping from lawful guardianship Words “minor under the age of sixteen years of male or under eighteen years of age if a female” are replaced by “child” thus making it gender neutral.
137(2) 363 Punishment for kidnapping. No Change
138 362 Abduction. No Change
139 363A Kidnapping or maiming a child for purposes of begging Imprisonment is extended up to life, i.e., imprisonment for the remainder of that person’s natural life.

The 139(4)(b) is excluded

 

140(1) 364 Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder, etc. No change
140(2) 364A Kidnapping for ransom, etc. No change
140(3) 365 Kidnapping or abducting with intent secretly and wrongfully to confine person. No change
140(4) 367 Kidnapping or abducting in order to subject person to grievous hurt, slavery, etc No change
141 366B Importation of girl or boy from foreign country Words “any boy under the age of eighteen years” added and “she” is replaced by “girl or boy”.
142 368 Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted person. No change.
143 370 Trafficking of person. In place of “minor” the word “child”
144 370A Exploitation of a trafficked person The upper limit of imprisonment is increased from 7 to 10 years

In place of “minor” the word “child”

145 371 Habitual dealing in slaves. No Change
146 374 Unlawful compulsory labour. No Change
147 121 Waging, or attempting to wage war. or abetting waging of war, against the Government of India. No Change
148 121A Government of India. 121 No change. 148 Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by Section 147. The words “and beyond” is added
149 122 Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against the Government of India No change
150 123 Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war. No change
151 124 Assaulting President, Governor, etc., with intent to compel or restrain the exercise of any lawful power No Change
152 NEW Act endangering sovereignty, unity and integrity of India. “Whoever, purposely or knowingly, by words, either spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representation, or by electronic communication or by use of financial mean, or otherwise, excites or attempts to excite, secession or armed rebellion or subversive activities, or encourages feelings of separatist activities or endangers sovereignty or unity and integrity of India; or indulges in or commits any such act shall be punished with imprisonment for life or With imprisonment which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.”
153 125 Waging war against Government of any Foreign State at peace with Government of India. In place of “any Asiatic power in alliance” “Government of any foreign State at peace” is used
154 126 Committing depredation on territories of Foreign State at peace with Government of India Words “any power in alliance” are replaced by “any foreign State”
155 127 Receiving property taken by war or depredation mentioned in Sections 153 and 154. No change
156 128 Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of State or war to escape. No change
157 129 Public servant negligently suffering such prisoner to escape. No change
158 130 Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such prisoner No change
159 131 Abetting mutiny, attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty. No change
160 132 Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof. Maximum imprisonment is increased from 3 to 10 years
161 133 Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his office No change
162 134 Abetment of such assault, if the assault is committed. No Change
163 135 Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airman. No change
164 136 Harbouring deserter Instead of “wife”, “spouse” is used
165 137 Deserter concealed on board, of master merchant vessel through negligence. Maximum fine is increased from Rs. 500 to Rs. 3000
166 138 Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airman. Maximum imprisonment is increased from 6 months to 2 years
167 139 Persons subject to certain Acts. No Change
168 140 Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman. The maximum fine has been increased from Rs. 500 to Rs. 2000
169 171A Candidate, electoral right defined. No Change
170 171B Bribery No Change
171 171C Undue influence at elections. No Change
172 171D Personation at elections. No Change
173 171E Punishment for bribery No Change
174 171F Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election. No Change
175 171G False statement in connection with an election. No Change
176 171H Illegal payment in connection with an election. Upper limit of fine is increased from Rs. 500 to Rs. 10,000
177 171-I Failure to keep election accounts. Upper Limit fine is increased from Rs.500 to Rs. 5000
178 230 to 232, 246 to 249, 255, 489A Counterfeiting coin, Government stamps, currency- notes or banknote Illustrations of section 230 are excluded
179 237 to 241, 250, 251, 254, 258, 260, 489B Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes. Number of sections have been reduced
180 242, 243, 252, 253, 259, 489C Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes. 6 sections are covered under one section
181 233, 234, 235, 256, 257, 489D Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, govt stamps, currency notes or bank notes. ‘any coin, stamp issued by Government for the purpose of revenue’ is added
182 489E Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or banknotes fine is increased from Rs. 100 to Rs 300 and Rs. 200 to Rs. 600
183 261 Effacing, writing from substance bearing Government stamp, removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government. No change
184 262 Using Government stamp known to have been before used. No Change
185 263 Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used No Change
186 263A Prohibition of fictitious stamps. Words “’and also in any part of Her Majesty’s dominions” are excluded.
187 244 Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition from that fixed by law No Change
188 245 Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mint. No Change
189(1) 141 Unlawful assembly First, second, third, fourth, fifth, have been replaced by (a),(b),( c), (d) and( e)
189(2) 142 Unlawful assembly- Being member of unlawful assembly. No Change
189(3) 145 Unlawful assembly- Joining or continuing in unlawful assembly, knowing it has been commanded to disperse No Change
189(4) 144 Unlawful assembly- Joining unlawful assembly armed with deadly weapon. No Change
189(5) 151 Unlawful assembly- Knowingly joining or continuing in assembly of five or more persons after it has been commanded to disperse No Change
189(6) 150 Unlawful assembly- Hiring, or conniving at hiring, of persons to join unlawful assembly No Change
157 Unlawful assembly- Harbouring persons hired for an unlawful assembly. No Change
158 Unlawful assembly- Being hired to take part in an unlawful assembly or riot. Or to go armed The IPC section is bifurcated
149 Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object. No Change
146 Rioting-Offence defined. No Change
147 Rioting- Punishment for rioting. No Change
148 Rioting- Being armed with deadly weapon Upper limit of imprisonment is increased from 3 to 5 years
153 Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot if rioting be committed if not committed. No Change
154 Liability of owner, occupier, etc., of land on which an unlawful assembly or riot takes place. “Liability of” and “or riot” are added in the heading.
193(2) 155 Liability of person for whose benefit riot is committed. No Change
193(3) 156 Liability of agent of owner or occupier for whose benefit riot is committed. No Change
194 (1) 159 Affray- defined No Change
194 (2) 160 Punishment for Affray. The upper limit of the fine is increased from Rs. 100 to Rs. 1000
195(1) 152 Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc. The section 152 of IPC is divided into two parts and included in section 195 of BNS.

The minimum fine is Rs. 25,000, and ‘or uses criminal force on any public servant’ is added.

195(2) 152 Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc. The punishment is imprisonment may extend to 1 year.

A fine may also be imposed under this sub-section

196 153A Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony. The word “or through electronic communication” is added as a mode of spreading disharmony
197 153B Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration. The word “or through electronic communication” is added as mode of spreading disharmony
197(1)(d) NEW Makes or publishes false or misleading information, jeopardising the sovereignty, unity and integrity or security of India. “makes or publishes false or misleading information, jeopardising the sovereignty, unity and integrity or security of India”.
198 166 Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person. No Change
199 166A Public servant disobeying direction under law. No Change
200 166B Punishment for non-treatment of victim. No Change
201 167 Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury No Change
202 168 Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade. Community service as a punishment is added
203 169 Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property. No Change
204 170 Personating a public servant. Mandatory minimum imprisonment is introduced as 6 months and maximum imprisonment is increased from 2 to 3 years.
205 171 Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent. Upper limit of fine is increased from Rs. 200 to Rs. 5000
206 172 Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding. The maximum limit of the fine is increased from Rs. 500 to Rs. 5000 and Rs. 1000 to Rs. 10,000
207 173 Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof No Change
208 174 Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant. No Change
209 174A Non-appearance in response to a proclamation under section 84 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita,2023. Community service as a punishment is added
210 175 Omission to produce document or electronic record to public servant by person, legally bound to produce it. The maximum limit of the fine is increased from Rs. 500 to Rs. 5000 and Rs. 1000 to Rs. 10,000
211 176 Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it. Maximum fine are increased from Rs. 500 to Rs. 5000 and Rs. 1000 to Rs. 10,000
212 177 Furnishing false information The maximum fine has been increased from Rs. 1000 to Rs. 5000

“Bound under clause 5, section VII, Regulation III, 1821,of the Bengal Code” is excluded and  “legally bound” in the illustration (b) is included.

213 178 Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it. The maximum fine has been increased from Rs. 1000 to Rs. 5000
214 179 Refusing to answer public servant authorised to question No Change
215 180 Refusing to sign statement. Maximum fine is increased from Rs. 500 to Rs. 3000
216 181 False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to administer an oath or affirmation. No Change
217 182 False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to the injury of another person The maximum imprisonment increased from 6 months to 1 year and

the fine increased from Rs. 1000 to Rs. 10,000

218 183 Resistance to the taking of property by the lawful authority of a public servant. Maximum fine has been increased from Rs. 1000 to Rs. 10,000
219 184 Obstructing sale of property offered by authority of public servant for sale. Maximum fine has been increased from Rs. 500 to Rs. 5000
220 185 Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant. No Change
221 186 Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions. Maximum fine is increased from Rs. 500 to Rs. 2500
222 187 Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance the upper limit of the fine is increased from Rs. 200 to Rs. 2500 and Rs. 500 to Rs. 5000
223 188 Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant. In clause (a), the upper limit of imprisonment is increased from one month to six months, and the fine is increased from two hundred to two thousand and five hundred rupees. In clause (b), the limit of imprisonment is increased from six months to one year, and the fine from one thousand rupees to five thousand rupees.
224 189 Threat of injury to public servant No Change
225 190 Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection No Change
226 NEW Attempt to commit suicide to compel or restrain from applying or restrain of lawful power. “Whoever attempts to commit suicide with the intent to compel or restrain any public servant from discharging his official duty shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both, or with community service”.
227 191 Giving false evidence. No Change
228 192 Fabricating false evidence No Change
229 193 Punishment for false evidence. Fine is defined in sub-section (1) as up to Rs. 10,000 and in sub-section (2) as up to Rs. 5000
230 194 Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence Fine defined in this section as up to Rs. 50,000
231 195 Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment. No Change
232 195A Threatening any person to give false evidence No Change
233 196 Using evidence known to be false No Change
234 197 Issuing or signing false certificate. No Change
235 198 Using as true a certificate known to be false No Change
236 199 False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence The word “Court of Justice” is replaced by “Court”
237 200 Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false In explanation “this section” is used
238 201 Causing disappearance of evidence ,or giving false information to screen offender.
239 202 Intentional omission to give information of offence by person bound to inform Fine defined in this section is Rs. 5000.
240 203 Giving false information respecting an offence committed. No Change
241 204 Destruction of document or electronic record to prevent its production as evidence. The upper limit is imprisonment from 2 to 3 years, and the fine is defined as up to Rs. 5000 rupees.
242 205 False personation for purpose of act or proceeding in suit or prosecution. No Change
243 206 Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution. Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution.
244 207 Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution. Instead of “court of justice” the word “court” is used.
245 208 Fraudulently suffering decree for sum not due. No Change
246 209 Dishonestly making false claim in Court. Instead of “court of justice” the word “court” is used.
247 210 Fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not due Reorganized in form of Clause (a), (b)
248 211 False charge of offence made with intent to injure. The upper limit of imprisonment is increased from 2 to 5 years and from 7 to 10 years, and the fine is defined as up to Rs. 2 Lakhs.
249 212 Harbouring offender “Husband or wife” is replaced by “spouse” and Reorganized in the form of Clause (a), (b), (c)
250 213 Taking gift, etc., to screen an offender from punishment. Words have been reorganized but essence is same and reorganized in form of clauses (a), (b) and (c)
251 214 Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offender. No Change
252 215 Taking gift to help to recover stolen property, etc. No Change
253 216 Harbouring offender who has escaped from custody or whose apprehension has been ordered
254 216A Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits
255 217 Public servant disobeying direction of law with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture. No Change
256 218 Public servant framing incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture. No Change
257 219 Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making report, etc. contrary to law. No Change
258 220 Commitment for trial or confinement by person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to law No Change
259 221 Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend.
260 222 Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend person under sentence or lawfully committed No Change
261 223 Escape from confinement or custody negligently suffered by public servant. No Change
262 224 Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension. No Change
263 225 Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another person. Rephrased as clause (a), (b), (c)
264 225A Omission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape, on part of public servant, in cases not otherwise provided for. No Change
265 225B Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension or escape or rescue in cases not otherwise provided for. No Change
266 227 Violation of condition of remission of punishment. No Change
267 228 Intentional insult or interruption to public servant sitting in judicial proceeding. The Maximum fine limit is increased from Rs. 1000 to Rs. 5000
268 229 Personation of assessor The excluded word is “juryman” and instead of “juror of assessor” “Personation of assessor” is used
269 229A Failure by person released on bail or bond to appear in Court No Change
270 268 Public nuisance. Paragraphs are merged
271 269 Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life. No Change
272 270 Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life. No Change
273 271 Disobedience to quarantine rule. In place of “vessel” the phrase “mode of transport, etc.”
274 272 Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale The maximum fine is increased from Rs. 1000 to Rs. 5000
275 273 Sale of noxious food or drink. The maximum limit of fine is increased from Rs. 1000 to Rs. 5000
276 274 Adulteration of drugs. The maximum imprisonment is increased from 6 months to 1 year and fine is also increased from Rs. 1000 to Rs. 5000
277 275 Sale of adulterated drugs The maximum limit of fine is increased from Rs. 1000 to Rs. 5000
278 276 Sale of drug as a different drug or preparation. The maximum limit of fine is increased from Rs. 1000 to Rs. 5000
279 277 Fouling water of public spring or reservoir. The maximum imprisonment is increased from 3 months to 6 months and fine is also increased from Rs. 500 to Rs. 5000
280 278 Making atmosphere noxious to health The maximum fine is also increased from Rs. 500 to Rs. 5000
281 279 Rash driving or riding on a public way. No change
282 280 Rash navigation of vessel. The maximum limit of fine is increased from Rs. 1000 to Rs. 10,000
283 281 Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy Fine is added as punishment in addition with the imprisonment and the minimum amount of Fine is fixed as Rs. 10,000
284 282 Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel. The maximum limit of fine is increased from Rs. 1000 to Rs. 5000
285 283 Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation The maximum limit of fine is increased from Rs. 200 to Rs. 5000
286 284 Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance The maximum limit of fine is increased from Rs. 1000 to Rs. 5000
287 285 Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter. The maximum limit of fine is increased from Rs. 1000 to Rs. 2000
288 286 Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance. The maximum limit of fine is increased from Rs. 1000 to Rs. 5000
289 287 Negligent conduct with respect to machinery. The maximum limit of fine is increased from Rs. 1000 to Rs. 5000
290 288 Negligent conduct with respect to pulling down, repairing or constructing buildings, etc. The maximum limit of fine is increased from Rs. 1000 to Rs. 5000

The word “or constructing” has been added, and “measures” has been replaced with “order”

 

291 289 Negligent conduct with respect to animal. The maximum limit of fine is increased from Rs. 1000 to Rs. 5000

“measures” has been replaced with “order”

292 290 Punishment for public nuisance in cases not otherwise provided for. The maximum limit of fine is increased from Rs. 200 to Rs. 1000
293 291 Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinue The fine can be imposed upto Rs.5000
294 292 Sale, etc., of obscene books, etc. The maximum limit of fine is increased from Rs. 2000 to Rs. 5000

On subsequent conviction, the fine is increased from Rs. 5000 to Rs. 10,000

295 293 Sale, etc., of obscene objects to young person. The scope of provision is reduced by replacing “person under the age of twenty” by “child”
296 294 Obscene acts and songs. Fine can be imposed upto Rs. 1000
297 294A Keeping lottery office The maximum limit of fine is increased from Rs. 1000 to Rs. 5000

 

298 295 Injuring or defiling place of worship with intent to insult the religion of any class No change
299 295A Deliberate and malicious acts intended to outrage religious feelings of any class, by insulting its religion or religious beliefs. The words “or through electronic means” have been added
300 296 Disturbing religious assembly No change
301 297 Trespassing on burial places, etc. No change
302 298 Uttering words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound the religious feelings of any person. No change
Removed –        377 The section dealing with unnatural offences has been removed in BNS
303(1) 378 Theft. No change except in Explanation 5 the word “definition” is replaced by “Section”
303(2) 379 Punishment for theft. There is an addition of punishment for subsequent conviction
304 NEW Snatching The new section has been added
305 380 Theft in a dwelling house, or means of transportation or place of worship, etc. The definition has been enlarged by the addition of “means of transportation or place of worship” and sub-sections (b), (c), (d), (e) are new additions
306 381 Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master. No change
307 382 Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to committing of theft No change
308(1) 383 Extortion. There has been a new addition of clause (e) in the illustrations
308(2) 384 Extortion punishment The maximum imprisonment has been increased from 3 years to 7 years
308(3) 385 Putting person in fear of injury in order to commit extortion. No change
308(4) 387 Putting person in fear of death or of grievous hurt, in order to commit extortion. No change
308(5) 386 Extortion by putting a person in fear of death or grievous hurt. No change
308(6) 388 Extortion by threat of accusation of an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life, etc. The words “and, if the offence by punishable under section 377 of this code, may be punished with imprisonment for life” have been removed
308(7) 389 Putting person in fear or accusation of offence, in order to commit extortion No change
309(1), (2), (3) 390 Robbery- When theft is robbery When extortion is robbery. Subheadings are removed and clauses (1), (2), (3) have been added.
309 (4) 392  Punishment for robbery No change
309(5) 393 Attempt to commit robbery No change
309(6) 394 Voluntarily causing hurt in committing robbery. No change
310(1) 391 Dacoity definition. No change
310(2) 395 Dacoity punishment No change
310(3) 396 Dacoity with murder. Minimum mandatory punishment is ten years
310(4) 399 Making preparation to commit dacoity No change
310(5) 402 Assembling for purpose of committing dacoity The words, “at any time after the passing of this Act, shall” have been removed
310(6) 400 Punishment for belonging to gang of dacoits. No change
311 397 Robbery or dacoity, with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt. No change
312 398 Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when armed with deadly weapon. No change
313 401 Punishment for belonging to gang of robbers, etc. The words “at any time after the passing of this Act, shall”, “at wandering or other” and “for the purpose of” have been removed
314 403 Dishonest misappropriation of property. Fine as a punishment has been added and the minimum mandatory imprisonment is of 6 months
315 404 Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at the time of his death. No change
316(1) 405 Criminal breach of trust. No change
316(2) 406 Punishment for criminal breach of trust The maximum imprisonment has been increased from 3 to 5 years
316(3) 407 Criminal breach of trust by carrier, etc No change
316(4) 408 Criminal breach of trust by clerk or servant No change
316(5) 409 Criminal breach of trust by public servant, or by banker, merchant or agent. No change
317(1) 410 Stolen property. The word “cheating” has been added
317(2) 411 Dishonestly receiving stolen property No change
317(3) 412 Dishonestly receiving property stolen in the commission of a dacoity. No change
317(4) 413 Habitually dealing in stolen property. No change
317(5) 414 Assisting in concealment of stolen property. No change
318(1) 415 Cheating No change
318(2) 417 Cheating punishment The maximum imprisonment has been increased from 1 to 3 years
318(3) 418 Cheating with knowledge that wrongful loss may ensue to person whose interest offender is bound to protect. The maximum imprisonment has been increased from 3 to 5 years
318(4) 420 Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property. No change
319(1) 416 Cheating by personation. Only formal changes
319(2) 419 Cheating by personation punishment The maximum imprisonment has been increased from 3 to 5 years
320 421 Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditors. the minimum mandatory imprisonment is of 6 months
321 422 Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors. No change
322 423 Dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of transfer containing false statement of consideration. The maximum imprisonment has been increased from 2 to 3 years
323 424 Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property. No change
324(1) 425 Mischief No change
324(2) 426 Mischief punishment. The maximum imprisonment is increased from 3 to 6 months
324(3) NEW Mischief – causes loss or damage to any property including the property of Government or Local Authority. This section is newly added
324(4) 427 Mischief causing damage to the amount of twenty thousand rupees and more but less than one lakh rupees.
324(5) NEW Mischief- cause loss or damage to amount of one lakh rupees onwards This is a new addition
324(6) 440 Mischief committed after preparation made for causing death or hurt. No change
325 428/429 Mischief by killing or maiming animal. The maximum imprisonment is increased from 2 to 5 years
326(a) 430 Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etc. No change
326(b) 431 Mischief by injury to public road, bridge, river or channel. No changes except words “whoever commits mischief” are excluded
326(c) 432 Mischief by causing inundation or obstruction to public drainage attended with damage. No change
326(d) 433 Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etc. The scope is widened by replacing “light house or other light used as sea marks or any sea mark or buoy” with “any sign or signal used for navigation of rail, aircraft, or ship,”
326(e) 434 Mischief by destroying or moving, etc., a land-mark fixed by public authority. No change
326(f) 435 Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etc The words “including agriculture produce” have been added
326(g) 436 Mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent to destroy house, etc No change
327(1) 437 Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a rail, aircraft, decked vessel or one of twenty tons burden. Formal changes are done, but the essence remains same
327(2) 438 Punishment for above offence No Change
328 439 Punishment for intentionally running vessel aground or ashore with intent to commit theft, etc No Change
329(1) 441 Criminal trespass and house- trespass. No Change
329(2) 442 Criminal trespass and house- trespass. No Change
329(3) 447 Criminal trespass punishment The fine has been increased from Rs. 500 to 5000
329(4) 448 Punishment for house- trespass. The fine has been increased from Rs. 1000 to 5000
330(1) 443 Lurking house trespass No Change
330(2) 445 House breaking. In place of “any of such six ways,” the words “in any of the following ways” have been replaced
331(1) 453 Punishment for house- trespass or house-breaking. No changes except “Lurking” is dropped from heading.
331(2) 456 Punishment for lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night The words “by night’ have been replaced by after “sunset and before sunrise”.
331(3) 454 Lurking house-trespass or house breaking in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment. No Change
331(4) 457 Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment The words “by night’ have been replaced by after “sunset and before sunrise”.
331(5) 455 Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint. No Change
331(6) 458 Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night after preparation for hurt, assault, or wrongful restraint. The words “by night’ have been replaced by after “sunset and before sunrise”.
331(7) 459 Grievous hurt caused whilst committing lurking house-trespass or house-breaking. No Change
331(8) 460 All persons jointly concerned in lurking house-trespass or house breaking by night punishable where death or grievous hurt caused by one of them. The words “by night’ have been replaced by after “sunset and before sunrise”.
332(a) 449 House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with death. No Change
332(b) 450 House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment for life No Change
332(c) 451 House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment. No Change
333 452 House-trespass after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint. No Change
334(1) 461 Dishonestly breaking open receptacle containing property. No Change
334(2) 462 Punishment for same offence when committed by person entrusted with custody No Change
335 464 Making a false document. Fisrtly, secondly, thirdly are replaced by (A), (B), (C)
336(1) 463 Forgery No Change
336(2) 465 Forgery punishment. No Change
336(3) 468 Forgery for purpose of cheating No Change
336(4) 469 Forgery for purpose of harming reputation. No Change
337 466 Forgery of record of Court or of public register, etc. The following words are added words “Court or an identity document issued by the government, including a voter identity card or Aadhaar card”
338 467 Forgery of valuable security, will, etc. No Change
339 474 Having possession of document described in Section 337 or Section 338, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it as genuine. No Change
340(1) 470 Forged document or electronic record. and using it as genuine The words “using it as genuine” are added
340(2) 471 Using as genuine a forged document or electronic record. No Change
341(1) 472 Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery, punishable under section 338. No Change
341(2) 473 Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable otherwise No Change
341(3) NEW Possesses any seal, plate or other instrument knowing the same to be counterfeit. “Whoever possesses any seal, plate or other instrument knowing the same to be counterfeit, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine”.
341(4) NEW Fraudulently or dishonestly uses as genuine any seal, plate or other instrument knowing or having reason to believe the same to be counterfeit. “Whoever fraudulently or dishonestly uses as genuine any seal, plate or other instrument knowing or having reason to believe the same to be counterfeit, shall be punished in the same manner as if he had made or counterfeited such seal, plate or other instrument”
342(1) 475 Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 338, or possessing counterfeit marked material. No Change
342(2) 476 Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 338, or possessing counterfeit marked material. No Change
343 477 Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc. of will, authority to adopt, or valuable security. No Change
344 477A Falsification of accounts No Change
345(1) 479 Property mark. No Change
345(2) 481 Using a false property mark. No Change
345(3) 482 Punishment for using a false property mark. No Change
346 489 Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injury. No Change
347(1) 483 Counterfeiting a property mark. No Change
347(2) 484 Counterfeiting a mark used by a public servant. No Change
348 485 Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark No Change
349 486 Selling goods marked with counterfeit property mark. No Change
350(1) 487 Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods No Change
350(2) 488 Punishment for making use of any such false mark. No Change
351(1) 503 Criminal intimidation. The words “by any means” have been added
351(2)/(3) 506 Criminal intimidation punishment. No Change
351(4) 507 Criminal intimidation by an anonymous communication No Change
352 504 Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of the peace. The Words “in any manner” have been added
353 505 Statements conducing to public mischief. The words. “False information” and “including through electronic means” have been added
354 508 Act caused by inducing person to believe that he will be rendered an object of the Divine displeasure No Change
355 510 Misconduct in public by a drunken person Fine is increased from Rs. 10 to Rs. 1000 and community service is added as a punishment
356(1) 499 Defamation No Change
356(2) 500 Defamation punishment Community service added as an alternative punishment
356(3) 501 Printing or engraving matter known to be defamatory. No Change
356(4) 502 Sale of printed or engraved substance containing defamatory matter. No Change
357 491 Breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless person. The fine is increased from Rs. 200 to Rs. 5000
358 NEW Repeal and Savings. “The Indian Penal Code, 1860, was enacted by the British Colonisers de novo; therefore, the Repeal and Savings Section was not required at all. Vide sub-section(1) and subsequent Government of India notifications, the IPC will be repealed on 1st July 2024. However, sub-sections (2) to (4) stipulate savings related to the repealed code.”

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS) represents a pivotal advancement in India’s legal framework, superseding the long-standing Indian Penal Code of 1860 (IPC). The BNS is designed to establish a more pertinent, inclusive, and thorough legal structure by incorporating new provisions, reinterpreting definitions, and revising penalties. A comparative analysis of the BNS and IPC highlights the substantial changes and improvements introduced by the BNS, demonstrating India’s dedication to a justice system that effectively caters to its varied and evolving populace. As the nation transitions from the IPC to the BNS, it lays the groundwork for a more adaptive and just legal landscape, effectively addressing modern challenges with clarity and accuracy. For a comprehensive exploration of the differences between the IPC and BNS and their broader implications, B Pramanik & Associates provides expert legal insights and support.

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